THE FOUR LOVES
In his book, “The Four Loves“, which actually was a series of radio talks in 1953, C.S. Lewis discusses the concept of love. The foundation of the book is a discussion of the four Greek words, all translated “love” in English – Storge, Philia, Eros, and Agape. Each of these words has a very unique meaning and the fact that we translate them all “love” is very unfortunate and leaves us uninformed and unelightened.
IN OUR IMAGE
In Genesis 1:26, God says, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.” The very concept of man came out of an eternal love relationship between the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. (“Us”) Man was created out of an eternal relationship for relationships. The first time anything is not good in the Bible is in Genesis 2:18, “Then the LORD God said, “It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper fit for him.” Tim Keller, in “The Meaning of Marriage”, says the word translated “helper” in the passage is “Ezer” which means “a companion, a helper, a friend.” C.S. Lewis discusses the importance of relationship when he says, “Friendship is unnecessary, like philosophy, like art, like the universe itself (for God did not need to create). It has no survival value; rather it is one of those things which give value to survival.” Friendship grows out of a foundation of Storge, progresses toward Agape and when sprinkled with the seasoning of Eros can become the miracle of marriage. Let’s take a look at each of other three Greek words for love and then look at the concept of friendship and how it relates to the others.
STORGE
Storge – the love of a mother for her child, the love of the familiar. Fortunately Storge is naturally given to mothers for their new born children. It is the nurturing instinct that develops as the baby is living inside the mother’s womb. By the time the baby is born, the child and the mother have developed Storge and the bond is never broken unless there is a corruption of focus of Storge. Storge is the most natural of the loves and it does not depend on the worthiness of the object of its affection. Storge is corrupted when it turns inward or it demands anything in return. Sometimes mothers will become addicted to Storge and when their children begin to mature and display independence an addicted mother will feel abandoned and rejected. Storge needs to mature into Philia and Agape so it’s focus can remain on others and not become selfish.
WEIRD UNCLE HARRY
With regard to other people who are not our children, the best example I know for Storge is weird Uncle Harry. Weird Uncle Harry comes to live with you for awhile. At first it is fun because it is a novelty. But then his odd habits begin to drive you crazy and you cannot wait for the day that he leaves. Every day that goes by becomes more and more troubling until the day of his departure finally arrives. You help him pack up his belongings, your give him money for his trip and you see him out the door. As he drives off, you close the door behind him and fall back into your favorite recliner. You are so relieved. After a few minutes of utter delight, you decide to check the room that Uncle Harry had occupied while in your home just to make sure he did not leave anything. When you open the door and see the empty room you are surprised by a twinge in your heart. To your amazement, even though weird Uncle Harry has driven you crazy every day and you have longed for this day for months, something is missing. You miss weird Uncle Harry because you had developed Storge for him – the love of the familiar.
STORGE TAKES TIME
As humans we develop an affection for the things or people with whom we spend time. This affection is the result of the fact that every human is created in the image of God. Even the co-workers that drive you crazy become objects of Storge if you spend day after day with them. Storge is the first step in love. It only develops for people or things in whose presence we spend time. You don’t have Storge for the beautiful pair of shoes that you never wear but you do for the beat up slippers or tennis shoes that you wear every day. Storge is based on being familiar with something or someone by spending time in the presence of the object or the person. Storge is often overlooked or ignored but taking the time for Storge to naturally develop is a foundation of friendship and marriage.
EROS
Eros – passion, feelings, the root of the word erotic. Eros is the emotional feeling of attraction between the sexes and it is God given. A husband is supposed to be physically and emotionally attracted to his wife (and wife to husband) and the act of love is the reflection of God’s love for His bride, the church.
THE CORRUPTION OF EROS
Eros is the love that is most easily corrupted because it can so naturally become selfish. The feeling of Eros can become addictive and the object of Eros can become the satisfaction and excitement instead of the welfare of the partner. C.S. Lewis says that to a man who is addicted to Eros, a woman becomes equivalent to a cigarette – when you have used the cigarette as a delivery system for the desired shot of nicotine, you throw away what remains of the cigarette. It has been used for its enjoyment and pleasure and now is expendable. Eros was never intended to be enjoyed outside of the security of Agape because it is so addictive and so easily corrupted. It was always meant to be the icing on the cake of Storge and Philia, leading to Agape.
AGAPE
Agape – the Love of God, totally other looking. Agape is a Greek word that was rarely used before its use in the Bible. It was almost as if God gave the Greeks the word so the writers of the New Testament would have it at their disposal. It was not used prior to the Bible because it is totally unnatural to man.
AGAPE IN THE BIBLE
In 1 John 4:8 the Bible says, “Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love.” This verse actually says “God is Agape”. Paul writes in 1 Cor. 13:4 “Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful: it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends.” Once again the word translated love here is the word Agape. Do you see how unnatural this kind of love is?
AGAPE MUST BE FIRST RECEIVED
In fact we can never even begin to imitate Agape until we have received Agape from God because until we have received it we have no idea what it is. This is the reason that it makes no sense to consider having a life long relationship with anyone who has not received the unconditional gift of God’s love (Agape) through the finished work of Jesus on the cross. Only someone who has received and fully appropriated God’s unconditional and unending love will ever be able to love you unconditionally when the chips are down. Agape can never be corrupted because it is God’s love flowing through and it is always other looking, that is, focused on the good of the other person.
PHILIA
Philia – brotherly love, friendship. Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, gets its name from Philia. As C.S. Lewis says, Philia starts with the acclamation, “you too!” Lewis says that two romantic lovers are best shown as facing one another, staring deeply into each other’s eyes, while friends are facing in the same direction staring at an object of common interest. Philia develops naturally from Storge when two people discover that they not only share common space but they also share common interests. Philia is never focused on itself, it cannot be desired, it is always discovered. To say that I want more friends is to miss the point of friendship. Friendship develops when a person spends enough time with people to allow “Storge” to develop and while focused on interests, vocation or projects finds another or others enjoying the same things.
TRUE FRIENDSHIP
Just as Storge develops into Philia when common interests are discovered and shared, Philia matures into true friendship when it begins to transform into Agape through vulnerability and trust. While walking down the path of Philia two people become faithful friends by risking everything in being real. In “The Velveteen Rabbit” the Velveteen Rabbit asks Skin Horse “What is real?” Later, “Does it hurt?” And Skin Horse replies “”It doesn’t happen all at once,” said the Skin Horse. “You become. It takes a long time. That’s why it doesn’t happen often to people who break easily, or have sharp edges, or who have to be carefully kept. Generally, by the time you are Real, most of your hair has been loved off, and your eyes drop out and you get loose in the joints and very shabby. But these things don’t matter at all, because once you are Real you can’t be ugly, except to people who don’t understand.” True friendship moves from being a consumer relationship into being a covenant relationship.
A CONSUMER RELATIONSHIP
Dr. Keller says a consumer relationship is a relationship that operates in the manner of a vendor-customer arrangement. As long as the vendor meets our needs at a cost that is acceptable to us we remain in the relationship unless or until another vendor delivers better services or the same services at a better cost. There is no commitment in a consumer relationship and it is Philia turned inward and corrupted.
A COVENANT RELATIONSHIP
A covenant relationship is a relationship of commitment based not only on a love for common interests but on a true affection for one another emerging from two hearts laid open. As Tim Keller says in, “The Meaning of Marriage”, a true friendship has three elements – Sympathy, Constancy, and Transparency. Each of these plays a significant role in mature Philia being transformed into Agape.
SYMPATHY
According to Keller, sympathy literally means “same” “passion”. It is based on two people seeing the same truth, sharing the same sense of awe, or simply heading in the same direction. Friendship must always start with two people focusing on a shared truth or a common interest and it is never about finding a friend. Friendship can never be manufactured it can only be discovered. It is always about two people heading in the same direction and people who are going nowhere can have no fellow travelers. As Keller says, “The very condition of having friends is that we should want something other than friendship.
CONSTANCY
Constancy is the quality of always being there for the other person. A true friend makes a willful commitment to his friend and it is unconditional and irrevocable. A true friend has your back. Pro 17:17 “A friend loves at all times, and a brother is born for adversity.” Pro 18:24 “A man of many companions may come to ruin, but there is a friend who sticks closer than a brother.”
TRANSPARENCY
Transparency is a willingness to lay your heart open to your friend and trust him with it. A friend always “speaks the truth in love.” Pro 27:6 “Faithful are the wounds of a friend; profuse are the kisses of an enemy.” Pro 27:9 “Oil and perfume make the heart glad, and the sweetness of a friend comes from his earnest counsel.” Pro 27:17 “Iron sharpens iron, and one man sharpens another.” Transparency is the rich soil out of which true friendship grows. When combined with Sympathy and Constancy it produces a place of unimaginable security and encouragement. The wonder of true friendship was described best by –
“ Oh, the comfort, the inexpressible comfort of feeling safe with a person; having neither to weigh thoughts nor measure words, but to pour them all out, just as they are, chaff and grain together, knowing that a faithful hand will take and sift them, keep what is worth keeping, and then, with a breath of kindness, blow the rest away.”
― Dinah Maria Mulock Craik, A Life for a Life 1859
THE MIRACLE OF MARRIAGE
True friendship can only be exceeded in one of two types of relationship. When Philia between a man and a woman, is nested in Storge, matures into a covenant relationship and is then sprinkled with the appropriate measure of Eros the miracle of marriage takes place. The marriage relationship when entered into through the proper steps is the highest possible and most fulfilling of human relationships. It is the reflection of the love relationship between God and His church and it is meant to reveal the glory and mercy of God throughout the earth.
THE AGAPE LOVE OF GOD
The Agape love of God for His children is the only other relationship that surpasses the comfort of true friendship. The Agape love of God is pure love. It is always other looking and it is never selfish. Agape always builds up and never tears down. Agape is the love we are called to share as believers but it is only possible once we have received it, believed it and appropriated it in our own life. And even then it is God flowing through us as we surrender to His sovereignty and humbly die to our own self interests.
GOD CREATED TRUE FRIENDSHIP
In Genesis, God creates the world and man in six days and calls everything good, in fact, very good. But then He says, “It is not good for man to be alone.” These words are more true today than ever. We live in a very uncertain world and a very uncertain time. Places of comfort and security are few and far between. True friendship was created by God for times such as these. Storge, Philia, Eros and Agape are the building blocks of the dwelling place of God on earth and of the gift of relationship in man.
TO COMPREHEND THE LOVE OF GOD
As Paul says in Eph 3:14-21 “For this reason I bow my knees before the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named, that according to the riches of his glory he may grant you to be strengthened with power through his Spirit in your inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith—that you, being rooted and grounded in love, may have strength to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God. Now to him who is able to do far more abundantly than all that we ask or think, according to the power at work within us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, forever and ever. Amen.”